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Elder village
In gerontology, an Elder Village〔 or Senior Village〔〔Philip Moeller, "(Senior Villages Take Root as Movement Matures ), ''U.S. News & World Report'', January 28, 2011; accessed 2013.05.18.〕 (occasionally "virtual village",〔Constance Gustke, "(Retirees Turn to Virtual Villages for Mutual Support )", ''The New York Times'', November 29, 2014, p. B4.〕 and usually shortened to "Village") is an organization, usually staffed by volunteers (often with a small paid staff), that provides services to the elderly in order to allow them to remain in their homes as they age. Villages are a part of the "aging in place" movement,〔(The Village: A Growing Option for Aging in Place ), Fact Sheet 177, AARP Public Policy Institute, 2010.〕〔Alex Pianin, (Aging-in-place 'villages' seek further growth in Northwest )", ''The Northwest Current'', May 1, 2013, p. 1.〕 and are found in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands.
Most Villages have members, to whom they provide services upon request. Services offered typically include transportation, light home maintenance and repair, and social activities. Most Villages do not provide medical services or involved home maintenance, but provide referrals to those who do.
==History==
The first formal Village was founded in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston in 2001.〔Jane Gross, "(A Grass-Roots Effort to Grow Old at Home )", ''The New York Times'', August 14, 2007; accessed 2013.05.17.〕〔Haya El Nasser, ('Villages' let elderly grow old at home ), ''USA Today'', July 26, 2010; accessed 2013.05.17.〕 Approximately one dozen residents of the historic neighborhood wanted "to remain at home" once transportation and household chores became difficult, dangerous, or even impossible. They also wished to avoid becoming dependent on their children, but did not want to move to an old-age facility. They founded an organization to provide these services to the organization's members, who must live in Beacon Hill or the adjacent Back Bay neighborhood.〔Jane Gross, "(Aging at Home: For a Lucky Few, a Wish Come True )" ''The New York Times'', February 9, 2006; accessed 2013.05.17.〕 The result has been called an "intentional community"〔Paula Span, "(Sharing a Table, and Much More )", ''The New York Times'', October 15, 2010; accessed 2013.05.17.〕 or a "virtual retirement community".〔Barbara Whitaker, "(These Days, 'Retirement Living' Can Mean Many Things )", ''The New York Times'', February 6, 2005; accessed 2013.05.17.〕
The organization grew slowly, learning from its mistakes.〔 After four years in existence, Beacon Hill Village was the subject of an article in ''The New York Times'',〔 and the idea spread. Beacon Hill Village prepared a how-to manual for sale to those who would found other Villages.〔 By 2010, there were more than 50 Villages in the United States.〔 As of 2012, there were some 90 Villages in operation in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the Netherlands, with more than 120 other Villages in the formation process.〔Village to Village Network, "(About VtV Network )"; accessed 2013.05.18.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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